Sample Descriptive Statistics and Test Performance

CoCA Completion Time

	vars	n	mean	sd	median	trimmed	mad	min	max	range	skew	kurtosis	se
X1	1	144	21.73	2.69	21	21.6	2.97	14	32	18	0.58	1.24	0.22

Shape Trail Test

Completion Time (sec)

	vars	n	mean	sd	median	trimmed	mad	min	max	range	skew	kurtosis	se
X1	1	151	17.17	8.71	15	15.76	5.93	6	56	50	1.94	4.84	0.71

Correct Lines

	vars	n	mean	sd	median	trimmed	mad	min	max	range	skew	kurtosis	se
X1	1	151	6.84	0.54	7	7	0	4	7	3	-3.58	12.44	0.04

Total Score (Seconds per Correct Line)

	vars	n	mean	sd	median	trimmed	mad	min	max	range	skew	kurtosis	se
X1	1	151	2.56	1.55	2.14	2.31	0.85	1	14	13	3.42	19.18	0.13

Verbal List Learning

Total Score across Three Learning Trials

	vars	n	mean	sd	median	trimmed	mad	min	max	range	skew	kurtosis	se
X1	1	151	18.38	1.91	19	18.59	1.48	12	21	9	-0.94	0.57	0.16

Delayed Free Recall

	vars	n	mean	sd	median	trimmed	mad	min	max	range	skew	kurtosis	se
X1	1	151	3.77	2	4	3.83	1.48	0	7	7	-0.23	-0.77	0.16

Yes/No Recognition

	vars	n	mean	sd	median	trimmed	mad	min	max	range	skew	kurtosis	se
X1	1	151	12.56	1.69	13	12.86	1.48	7	14	7	-1.48	1.85	0.14

Forced Choice Recognition

	vars	n	mean	sd	median	trimmed	mad	min	max	range	skew	kurtosis	se
X1	1	151	6.91	0.35	7	7	0	4	7	3	-5.2	33.85	0.03

Complex Figure

Figure Copy

	vars	n	mean	sd	median	trimmed	mad	min	max	range	skew	kurtosis	se
X1	1	151	15.99	2.13	16.5	16.32	1.48	0	18	18	-3.37	19.81	0.17

Figure Recall

	vars	n	mean	sd	median	trimmed	mad	min	max	range	skew	kurtosis	se
X1	1	151	12.4	3.28	13	12.61	2.97	0	18	18	-0.85	1.32	0.27

Animal Fluency

	vars	n	mean	sd	median	trimmed	mad	min	max	range	skew	kurtosis	se
X1	1	151	21.07	6.19	21	20.89	5.93	1	42	41	0.34	0.96	0.5

Lexical Fluency

	vars	n	mean	sd	median	trimmed	mad	min	max	range	skew	kurtosis	se
X1	1	151	14.38	4.99	14	14.29	4.45	1	27	26	0.09	-0.22	0.41

Working Memory

Trial 1

	vars	n	mean	sd	median	trimmed	mad	min	max	range	skew	kurtosis	se
X1	1	151	2.63	0.64	3	2.76	0	0	3	3	-1.65	2.01	0.05

Trial 2

	vars	n	mean	sd	median	trimmed	mad	min	max	range	skew	kurtosis	se
X1	1	151	3.41	1.28	3.5	3.49	1.48	0	5	5	-0.28	-0.8	0.1

Trials 1 + 2

	vars	n	mean	sd	median	trimmed	mad	min	max	range	skew	kurtosis	se
X1	1	151	6.04	1.65	6	6.2	1.48	0	8	8	-0.75	0.4	0.13

Test of Focused Attention

	vars	n	mean	sd	median	trimmed	mad	min	max	range	skew	kurtosis	se
X1	1	151	40.35	2.49	41	40.89	1.48	26	42	16	-2.79	9.84	0.2

Clock Drawing

Command

	vars	n	mean	sd	median	trimmed	mad	min	max	range	skew	kurtosis	se
X1	1	150	9.26	1.11	10	9.48	0	3	10	7	-2.26	7.02	0.09

Copy

	vars	n	mean	sd	median	trimmed	mad	min	max	range	skew	kurtosis	se
X1	1	150	9.76	0.53	10	9.86	0	6	10	4	-3.2	16.02	0.04

Number Symbol Matching Test

Written

	vars	n	mean	sd	median	trimmed	mad	min	max	range	skew	kurtosis	se
X1	1	149	15.43	3.45	16	15.46	2.97	1	25	24	-0.28	1.4	0.28

Number Symbol Matching Test

Oral

	vars	n	mean	sd	median	trimmed	mad	min	max	range	skew	kurtosis	se
X1	1	148	17.73	3.59	18	17.78	2.97	8	27	19	-0.14	0.08	0.29

Verbal Naming Test

	vars	n	mean	sd	median	trimmed	mad	min	max	range	skew	kurtosis	se
X1	1	151	13.95	1.17	14	14.15	1.48	10	15	5	-1.51	2.52	0.1

Orientation

	vars	n	mean	sd	median	trimmed	mad	min	max	range	skew	kurtosis	se
X1	1	151	7.86	0.37	8	7.96	0	6	8	2	-2.46	5.31	0.03

Prospective Memory Test

	vars	n	mean	sd	median	trimmed	mad	min	max	range	skew	kurtosis	se
X1	1	151	0.7	0.46	1	0.75	0	0	1	1	-0.87	-1.24	0.04

Covariance Matrix

	STT	VLL_ID	FC_FR	Fluency	WM	TFA	NSMT_W	VNT	Orientation	PMT	Functional
STT	2.43	1.30	1.59	4.61	0.67	0.98	2.26	0.36	0.07	0.17	0.28
VLL_ID	1.30	10.14	4.20	9.14	1.95	2.60	3.08	0.96	0.16	0.44	0.59
FC_FR	1.59	4.20	18.47	12.65	2.35	2.23	6.48	1.42	0.29	0.50	0.67
Fluency	4.61	9.14	12.65	94.27	6.66	5.06	14.10	3.18	0.18	0.92	2.14
WM	0.67	1.95	2.35	6.66	2.69	1.10	2.25	0.52	0.10	0.18	0.38
TFA	0.98	2.60	2.23	5.06	1.10	6.33	1.72	0.44	0.05	0.37	0.69
NSMT_W	2.26	3.08	6.48	14.10	2.25	1.72	11.99	0.86	0.23	0.46	0.64
VNT	0.36	0.96	1.42	3.18	0.52	0.44	0.86	1.25	0.08	0.05	0.18
Orientation	0.07	0.16	0.29	0.18	0.10	0.05	0.23	0.08	0.14	0.01	0.02
PMT	0.17	0.44	0.50	0.92	0.18	0.37	0.46	0.05	0.01	0.21	0.07
Functional	0.28	0.59	0.67	2.14	0.38	0.69	0.64	0.18	0.02	0.07	0.55

Corrgram

Parallel Analysis/Scree Plot

## Parallel analysis suggests that the number of factors =  1  and the number of components =  1

Exploratory Factor Analysis

## Factor Analysis using method =  minres
## Call: fa(r = cocaExc[c("STT_TOTAL_rc", "VLL_IandD", "FC_FR", "fluency", 
##     "WM", "Attention", "NSMT_Written", "VNT_TOTAL", "OR_TOTAL", 
##     "PMT", "functional")])
## Standardized loadings (pattern matrix) based upon correlation matrix
##               MR1    h2   u2 com
## STT_TOTAL_rc 0.50 0.248 0.75   1
## VLL_IandD    0.56 0.319 0.68   1
## FC_FR        0.55 0.307 0.69   1
## fluency      0.59 0.349 0.65   1
## WM           0.64 0.407 0.59   1
## Attention    0.44 0.197 0.80   1
## NSMT_Written 0.64 0.405 0.60   1
## VNT_TOTAL    0.46 0.209 0.79   1
## OR_TOTAL     0.22 0.051 0.95   1
## PMT          0.42 0.172 0.83   1
## functional   0.47 0.217 0.78   1
## 
##                 MR1
## SS loadings    2.88
## Proportion Var 0.26
## 
## Mean item complexity =  1
## Test of the hypothesis that 1 factor is sufficient.
## 
## The degrees of freedom for the null model are  55  and the objective function was  2.13 with Chi Square of  307.54
## The degrees of freedom for the model are 44  and the objective function was  0.33 
## 
## The root mean square of the residuals (RMSR) is  0.06 
## The df corrected root mean square of the residuals is  0.06 
## 
## The harmonic number of observations is  150 with the empirical chi square  54.49  with prob <  0.13 
## The total number of observations was  150  with Likelihood Chi Square =  47.23  with prob <  0.34 
## 
## Tucker Lewis Index of factoring reliability =  0.984
## RMSEA index =  0.027  and the 90 % confidence intervals are  0 0.061
## BIC =  -173.24
## Fit based upon off diagonal values = 0.95
## Measures of factor score adequacy             
##                                                    MR1
## Correlation of (regression) scores with factors   0.90
## Multiple R square of scores with factors          0.81
## Minimum correlation of possible factor scores     0.61

Confirmatory Factor Analysis

## lavaan 0.6-3 ended normally after 64 iterations
## 
##   Optimization method                           NLMINB
##   Number of free parameters                         33
## 
##   Number of observations                           150
##   Number of missing patterns                         2
## 
##   Estimator                                         ML      Robust
##   Model Fit Test Statistic                      47.506      47.569
##   Degrees of freedom                                44          44
##   P-value (Chi-square)                           0.332       0.330
##   Scaling correction factor                                  0.999
##     for the Yuan-Bentler correction (Mplus variant)
## 
## Model test baseline model:
## 
##   Minimum Function Test Statistic              316.324     296.395
##   Degrees of freedom                                55          55
##   P-value                                        0.000       0.000
## 
## User model versus baseline model:
## 
##   Comparative Fit Index (CFI)                    0.987       0.985
##   Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI)                       0.983       0.982
## 
##   Robust Comparative Fit Index (CFI)                         0.986
##   Robust Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI)                            0.983
## 
## Loglikelihood and Information Criteria:
## 
##   Loglikelihood user model (H0)              -3121.439   -3121.439
##   Scaling correction factor                                  1.815
##     for the MLR correction
##   Loglikelihood unrestricted model (H1)      -3097.686   -3097.686
##   Scaling correction factor                                  1.349
##     for the MLR correction
## 
##   Number of free parameters                         33          33
##   Akaike (AIC)                                6308.878    6308.878
##   Bayesian (BIC)                              6408.229    6408.229
##   Sample-size adjusted Bayesian (BIC)         6303.790    6303.790
## 
## Root Mean Square Error of Approximation:
## 
##   RMSEA                                          0.023       0.023
##   90 Percent Confidence Interval          0.000  0.061       0.000  0.061
##   P-value RMSEA <= 0.05                          0.856       0.854
## 
##   Robust RMSEA                                               0.023
##   90 Percent Confidence Interval                             0.000  0.061
## 
## Standardized Root Mean Square Residual:
## 
##   SRMR                                           0.048       0.048
## 
## Parameter Estimates:
## 
##   Information                                 Observed
##   Observed information based on                Hessian
##   Standard Errors                   Robust.huber.white
## 
## Latent Variables:
##                    Estimate  Std.Err  z-value  P(>|z|) ci.lower ci.upper
##   Global =~                                                             
##     STT_TOTAL_rc      1.000                               1.000    1.000
##     VLL_IandD         2.312    0.579    3.990    0.000    1.176    3.448
##     FC_FR             3.560    1.022    3.483    0.000    1.557    5.563
##     fluency           7.593    1.843    4.119    0.000    3.980   11.206
##     WM                1.382    0.366    3.772    0.000    0.664    2.101
##     Attention         1.395    0.444    3.144    0.002    0.525    2.264
##     NSMT_Written      2.924    0.699    4.183    0.000    1.554    4.294
##     VNT_TOTAL         0.705    0.207    3.402    0.001    0.299    1.112
##     OR_TOTAL          0.107    0.049    2.192    0.028    0.011    0.203
##     PMT               0.242    0.070    3.441    0.001    0.104    0.380
##     functional        0.439    0.138    3.189    0.001    0.169    0.709
##    Std.lv  Std.all
##                   
##     0.765    0.495
##     1.768    0.558
##     2.723    0.561
##     5.807    0.600
##     1.057    0.642
##     1.067    0.428
##     2.236    0.645
##     0.539    0.466
##     0.082    0.224
##     0.185    0.407
##     0.336    0.457
## 
## Intercepts:
##                    Estimate  Std.Err  z-value  P(>|z|) ci.lower ci.upper
##    .STT_TOTAL_rc     -2.560    0.126  -20.298    0.000   -2.807   -2.313
##    .VLL_IandD        22.160    0.259   85.593    0.000   21.653   22.667
##    .FC_FR            28.370    0.396   71.638    0.000   27.594   29.146
##    .fluency          35.380    0.790   44.799    0.000   33.832   36.928
##    .WM                6.037    0.134   44.909    0.000    5.773    6.300
##    .Attention        40.347    0.204  198.243    0.000   39.948   40.746
##    .NSMT_Written     15.397    0.284   54.236    0.000   14.841   15.953
##    .VNT_TOTAL        13.967    0.094  147.831    0.000   13.781   14.152
##    .OR_TOTAL          7.860    0.030  263.238    0.000    7.801    7.919
##    .PMT               0.707    0.037   19.010    0.000    0.634    0.780
##    .functional        2.920    0.060   48.655    0.000    2.802    3.038
##     Global            0.000                               0.000    0.000
##    Std.lv  Std.all
##    -2.560   -1.657
##    22.160    6.989
##    28.370    5.849
##    35.380    3.658
##     6.037    3.667
##    40.347   16.186
##    15.397    4.438
##    13.967   12.070
##     7.860   21.493
##     0.707    1.552
##     2.920    3.973
##     0.000    0.000
## 
## Variances:
##                    Estimate  Std.Err  z-value  P(>|z|) ci.lower ci.upper
##    .STT_TOTAL_rc      1.800    0.710    2.535    0.011    0.409    3.192
##    .VLL_IandD         6.928    0.791    8.762    0.000    5.378    8.478
##    .FC_FR            16.112    3.772    4.271    0.000    8.718   23.506
##    .fluency          59.831   11.810    5.066    0.000   36.684   82.979
##    .WM                1.592    0.201    7.938    0.000    1.199    1.986
##    .Attention         5.075    1.416    3.584    0.000    2.300    7.850
##    .NSMT_Written      7.038    1.323    5.318    0.000    4.444    9.632
##    .VNT_TOTAL         1.048    0.206    5.099    0.000    0.645    1.451
##    .OR_TOTAL          0.127    0.028    4.468    0.000    0.071    0.183
##    .PMT               0.173    0.020    8.809    0.000    0.134    0.211
##    .functional        0.427    0.051    8.410    0.000    0.328    0.527
##     Global            0.585    0.262    2.229    0.026    0.071    1.099
##    Std.lv  Std.all
##     1.800    0.755
##     6.928    0.689
##    16.112    0.685
##    59.831    0.640
##     1.592    0.588
##     5.075    0.817
##     7.038    0.585
##     1.048    0.783
##     0.127    0.950
##     0.173    0.834
##     0.427    0.791
##     1.000    1.000
## 
## R-Square:
##                    Estimate
##     STT_TOTAL_rc      0.245
##     VLL_IandD         0.311
##     FC_FR             0.315
##     fluency           0.360
##     WM                0.412
##     Attention         0.183
##     NSMT_Written      0.415
##     VNT_TOTAL         0.217
##     OR_TOTAL          0.050
##     PMT               0.166
##     functional        0.209

Structural Model with Covariates

## lavaan 0.6-3 ended normally after 76 iterations
## 
##   Optimization method                           NLMINB
##   Number of free parameters                         38
## 
##                                                   Used       Total
##   Number of observations                           149         150
##   Number of missing patterns                         2
## 
##   Estimator                                         ML      Robust
##   Model Fit Test Statistic                     109.420     109.721
##   Degrees of freedom                                94          94
##   P-value (Chi-square)                           0.132       0.128
##   Scaling correction factor                                  0.997
##     for the Yuan-Bentler correction (Mplus variant)
## 
## Model test baseline model:
## 
##   Minimum Function Test Statistic              449.329     434.703
##   Degrees of freedom                               110         110
##   P-value                                        0.000       0.000
## 
## User model versus baseline model:
## 
##   Comparative Fit Index (CFI)                    0.955       0.952
##   Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI)                       0.947       0.943
## 
##   Robust Comparative Fit Index (CFI)                         0.953
##   Robust Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI)                            0.945
## 
## Loglikelihood and Information Criteria:
## 
##   Loglikelihood user model (H0)              -3062.858   -3062.858
##   Scaling correction factor                                  1.719
##     for the MLR correction
##   Loglikelihood unrestricted model (H1)      -3008.148   -3008.148
##   Scaling correction factor                                  1.205
##     for the MLR correction
## 
##   Number of free parameters                         38          38
##   Akaike (AIC)                                6201.717    6201.717
##   Bayesian (BIC)                              6315.867    6315.867
##   Sample-size adjusted Bayesian (BIC)         6195.607    6195.607
## 
## Root Mean Square Error of Approximation:
## 
##   RMSEA                                          0.033       0.034
##   90 Percent Confidence Interval          0.000  0.057       0.000  0.057
##   P-value RMSEA <= 0.05                          0.863       0.858
## 
##   Robust RMSEA                                               0.033
##   90 Percent Confidence Interval                             0.000  0.057
## 
## Standardized Root Mean Square Residual:
## 
##   SRMR                                           0.054       0.054
## 
## Parameter Estimates:
## 
##   Information                                 Observed
##   Observed information based on                Hessian
##   Standard Errors                   Robust.huber.white
## 
## Latent Variables:
##                    Estimate  Std.Err  z-value  P(>|z|) ci.lower ci.upper
##   Global =~                                                             
##     STT_TOTAL_rc      1.000                               1.000    1.000
##     VLL_IandD         2.397    0.596    4.024    0.000    1.230    3.564
##     FC_FR             3.645    1.101    3.312    0.001    1.488    5.803
##     fluency           7.854    1.934    4.060    0.000    4.063   11.645
##     WM                1.438    0.389    3.696    0.000    0.676    2.201
##     Attention         1.410    0.476    2.960    0.003    0.476    2.343
##     NSMT_Written      3.039    0.734    4.140    0.000    1.600    4.477
##     VNT_TOTAL         0.730    0.212    3.437    0.001    0.314    1.146
##     OR_TOTAL          0.127    0.054    2.334    0.020    0.020    0.233
##     PMT               0.259    0.073    3.534    0.000    0.115    0.402
##     functional        0.425    0.140    3.040    0.002    0.151    0.699
##    Std.lv  Std.all
##                   
##     0.744    0.480
##     1.782    0.562
##     2.710    0.573
##     5.839    0.602
##     1.069    0.651
##     1.048    0.419
##     2.259    0.650
##     0.542    0.467
##     0.094    0.257
##     0.192    0.421
##     0.316    0.430
## 
## Regressions:
##                    Estimate  Std.Err  z-value  P(>|z|) ci.lower ci.upper
##   Global ~                                                              
##     cGDS             -0.108    0.047   -2.285    0.022   -0.201   -0.015
##     cGAS              0.006    0.021    0.292    0.770   -0.035    0.047
##     Male             -0.133    0.141   -0.944    0.345   -0.409    0.143
##     cAge70           -0.044    0.011   -3.966    0.000   -0.065   -0.022
##     cEdu12            0.099    0.032    3.088    0.002    0.036    0.162
##    Std.lv  Std.all
##                   
##    -0.145   -0.315
##     0.008    0.027
##    -0.179   -0.081
##    -0.059   -0.474
##     0.133    0.313
## 
## Intercepts:
##                    Estimate  Std.Err  z-value  P(>|z|) ci.lower ci.upper
##    .STT_TOTAL_rc     -2.849    0.179  -15.911    0.000   -3.200   -2.498
##    .VLL_IandD        21.454    0.362   59.184    0.000   20.743   22.164
##    .FC_FR            27.418    0.628   43.640    0.000   26.187   28.650
##    .fluency          33.138    1.082   30.625    0.000   31.017   35.259
##    .WM                5.638    0.208   27.095    0.000    5.230    6.046
##    .Attention        39.938    0.307  130.053    0.000   39.336   40.540
##    .NSMT_Written     14.541    0.414   35.164    0.000   13.731   15.352
##    .VNT_TOTAL        13.757    0.132  103.918    0.000   13.498   14.017
##    .OR_TOTAL          7.823    0.039  200.451    0.000    7.746    7.899
##    .PMT               0.631    0.052   12.201    0.000    0.529    0.732
##    .functional        2.804    0.086   32.570    0.000    2.636    2.973
##    .Global            0.000                               0.000    0.000
##    Std.lv  Std.all
##    -2.849   -1.839
##    21.454    6.762
##    27.418    5.795
##    33.138    3.415
##     5.638    3.431
##    39.938   15.973
##    14.541    4.181
##    13.757   11.850
##     7.823   21.331
##     0.631    1.382
##     2.804    3.823
##     0.000    0.000
## 
## Variances:
##                    Estimate  Std.Err  z-value  P(>|z|) ci.lower ci.upper
##    .STT_TOTAL_rc      1.847    0.716    2.580    0.010    0.444    3.251
##    .VLL_IandD         6.891    0.748    9.216    0.000    5.426    8.357
##    .FC_FR            15.036    3.625    4.148    0.000    7.932   22.140
##    .fluency          60.072   10.944    5.489    0.000   38.623   81.521
##    .WM                1.557    0.200    7.774    0.000    1.164    1.949
##    .Attention         5.154    1.420    3.631    0.000    2.371    7.936
##    .NSMT_Written      6.988    1.271    5.500    0.000    4.498    9.479
##    .VNT_TOTAL         1.054    0.199    5.301    0.000    0.664    1.443
##    .OR_TOTAL          0.126    0.027    4.571    0.000    0.072    0.180
##    .PMT               0.171    0.019    8.941    0.000    0.134    0.209
##    .functional        0.438    0.051    8.622    0.000    0.339    0.538
##    .Global            0.298    0.154    1.936    0.053   -0.004    0.599
##    Std.lv  Std.all
##     1.847    0.770
##     6.891    0.685
##    15.036    0.672
##    60.072    0.638
##     1.557    0.577
##     5.154    0.824
##     6.988    0.578
##     1.054    0.782
##     0.126    0.934
##     0.171    0.822
##     0.438    0.815
##     0.538    0.538
## 
## R-Square:
##                    Estimate
##     STT_TOTAL_rc      0.230
##     VLL_IandD         0.315
##     FC_FR             0.328
##     fluency           0.362
##     WM                0.423
##     Attention         0.176
##     NSMT_Written      0.422
##     VNT_TOTAL         0.218
##     OR_TOTAL          0.066
##     PMT               0.178
##     functional        0.185
##     Global            0.462